ICAO documents refer to AC13 for altitude encoding and ID13 for squawk
wncoding. Rename decodeGillhamField to decodeID13Field to better
represent this.
There is a quite complex if/else construct for gathering statistics
inside the main decodeModeS loop. To speed the loop up when not
gathering statistics, make the whole construct conditional on Modes.stat
being set.
Also tidy up a few comments
Allow the decodeModeMessage function to re-calculate msgtype and
msgbits. This makes the code a bit more portable by not requiring the
calling function to fill in these fields before the call.
Changes supplied by John VK1ET.
This tidies up the thread termination, which then allows for use of [a
trapped] Ctrl/C to cleanly terminate the program and dump stats if flag
set.
Lots of changes to the decodeModesMessages() function, and associated
helper functions, with the aim of speeding the code up by reducing the
number of calls to the CRC functions. Also, only update the mm variables
which are part of the message we're decoding.
Change the way CRC's are generated and checked.
Change the way single and double bit error is implemented.
General tidy up of the function to make it more readable.
Modify all the Mode=S Gillham altitude decoding to use a new function
decodeGillhamField()
Change the Mode-S signal strength so that it rounds to the nearest
integer
Assume that DF0-DF15 are all short 56 bit messages
Assume that DF16-DF31 are all long 112 bit messages
This helps us error detect and error recover for bits in the first byte
The DF's for altitude include a Q bit to distinguish either 100ft or
25ft altitude encoding. This version implements the 100ft increments
used by older aircraft. These codes are basically ModeC altitudes
transmitted over ModeS.
Reformat the --interactive display to show more information
Add a "Mode" column. This displays the The primary message type "S" or
"A" plus any matching modes "a" and/or "c". Requires --modeac switch.
Add a "Sig" column to show the signal strength.
Add a --fix command line switch to enable error correction using CRC.
Change the default to OFF/Disabled.
Error correction can very occasionally result in an incorrect solution
to the crc equation. It also takes significant CPU work for very few
corrected results. Therefore, the default has been changed to OFF, but
you can re-enable it if you wish by using the --fix command line switch.
Implement changes suggested by John/VK1ET
Changes to cprNFunction to ensure fflag {was 'isodd'} is used as a flag.
Fix to decodeCPRrelative to pass 'surface' flag.
The original code stores the squawk as a decimal (base 10) value. Change
this to a hex value to reduce the amount of maths required to convert
the input binary value..
Rename all the variables used to store the squawk to "modeA", rather
than variously identity, squawk and modeA.
Several variables within structures contain the same information in
different forms.
The aircraft structure contains addr and hexaddr. Hexaddr is a printable
string version of addr. However, hexaddr is only ever used in printf
statments, so we can use printf(%06x) to print addr. This saves a printf
for every received command.
The modesMessage structure contains addr, and aa1,aa2,aa3 as separate
bytes. aa1,aa2 and aa3 are only ever used to construct addr, and to
print out. Therefore, we can use addr instead of them..
The original code made an attempt to reconcile a newly arrived ModeA/C
message with every known Mode-S report at the time of detection.
However, the results of matching up Modes A/C and S are only used in the
interactive display routine, and that is only called periodically from
within the BackgroundTasks loop.
Doing the matching on every ModeA/C arrival incurs quite a large CPU
processing load. Moving the matching up routine to the backgroundTasks
loop means that the task is performed muck less frequently and therefore
uses less CPU time.
Allow a greater range and negative values for Mode C (down to -1200
feet)
Stop attempting to feed ModeA/C data to SBS Output stream.
Allow Mode A only matches to Mode-S squawks when the Mode A code does
not conflict with any possible (legal) Mode C code.
Allow Mode C matches to track aircraft climbing and descending
relatively slowly. This also helps when trying to match Mode-S altitudes
which are 25 foot increments, with Mode C altitudes which are in 100
foot increments.
First attempt at decoding legacy SSR Modes A and C.
If the command line switch --modeac is used, the program will now
attempt to recover Mode A/C signals contained in the raw I/Q data
stream. The current recovery mechanism is quite strict and does not cope
well with overlapping and corrupt SSR replies. I estimate that less than
20% of possible returns are decoded correctly. Hopefully over the next
few iterations this can be improved.
If outputting raw data it is recommended to use the --net-ro-size and
--net-ro-rate command line options to reduce the number of very small
ethernet packets that will be generated by mode A/C replies.
Thanks to vk1et for these.
1) Correct for additional timestamp langth in raw output buffer when
using mlat mode
2) Don't output a timestamp when the message has been received from a
remote site (the internet). This is to avoid upsetting MLAT because
there is an indeterminate delay between reception at the remote site and
subsequent message arrival in the local dump1090 instance.
3) Allow @ character for raw data input with timestamp, and correctly
calculate the length.
The original code calculates Lat/Long only if it receives two DF-17
(subtype 9 or 18) within one second of each other. I have no idea why.
It then caches the results in the aircrafts data structure for use in
the --interactive display.
When SBS-1 style ASCII output is selected (port 30003) the code does not
attempt to calculate Lat/Long from the data just received - instead it
picks it up from the cached information in the aircraft's data
structure.
However, if the data isn't being updated this results in stale Lat/Long
being sent out. This is most likely to occur when the aircraft is at the
extreme edge of the receivers range when it may be getting some DF-17s
containing Lat/Long, but not 2 per second. The program will continue
sending the stale data until the aircraft finally times out (default 60
seconds)
I have modified the code to include a sbsflags variable in the aircraft
data structure. When a new Lat/Long is decoded and put into the
structure, a bit is set to indicate SBS_LAT_LONG_FRESH. Then, once the
Lat/Long is output the first time, the bit is cleared. Thereafter the
code will not populate the Lat/Long fields in the output message until
SBS_LAT_LONG_FRESH is set again.
The default is 0. This works in conjunction with --net-ro-size.
The program will attempt to gather up "net-ro-size" raw bytes before
sending them out over Ethernet. However, to avoid a long wait if the
traffic density is very low, the program will only wait for
"net-ro-rate" 64mS periods since the last send. before sending any data
added to the output buffer since the last send. This allows the user to
tailor the network load to suit their requirements.
Move memcopy to outside the main bit loop, and just flip the modified
bit back at the end of each loop if it didn;t work
Pass in a pointer to the mm structure being corrected, and fix-up the
crc with the value inside the function, rather than re-calculate on
return
1) Populate Field 3 witn "111"
2) Populate field 4 with "11111"
3 Populate Field 6 with "111111"
4) End the record with <CRLF>, rather than just <LF>
5) Increase the ctrCommon buffer size to cope with additional field data
Apparently, this makes the output more compatible with Plane Plotter and
RTL1090.
Allow the user to specify the minimum size of raw data to be sent to the
TCP port. Dump1090 will buffer up raw data until it has at least this
many bytes to send to the TCP socket.
The default is 0, which means every frame is sent to the TCP socket as
it is decoded. The maximum value is limited to 1300 bytes.
Note the buffer will be flushed every 65 ms regardless of the amount of
data in it so that excessive in transmission do not occur.
The original code wrote every individual received frame to the TCP port.
Some O/S's buffer smaller writes into larger packets. It appears that
some versions of Linux don't. The result is that the (Ethernet) network
gets bombarded with lots of small Ethernet packets.
Therefore, I've added a 1500 byte output buffer to the raw output
functions. Data is written into this buffer by the raw output routines.
Data is flushed out to the TCP port when either.
1) The latest write to the output buffer takes the contents to more than
1300 bytes
2) At the end of every processed block of data supplied by rtl-sdr. This
will be every 56mS or so,
The end result should be that on systems detecting a lot of traffic, you
should see lots of > 1300-byte Ethernet packets. On systems receiving
less traffic, you should see one network packet every 56 mS or so.
The total number of network packets should be much reduced, and their
average size much bigger. The worst case delay in transmission will be
56 mS.
As requested by mlino
Note : I haven't been able to validate that the format is correct. I
think it should be Ok, but it needs someone with an SBS setup to check
it. Any offers?
M$ VC 6.0 does not like long long
UNIX compilers don't like printing int64_t or uint64_t as %lld
Raspberry Pi Linux doesn;t like PRId64
So I give up.
I've changed the affected variables to bog standard unsigned ints.
Assuming these compile as 32 bit unsigned's, its unlikely youll have the
program running long enough for these to overflow.
If noist/sampling/Nyquist errors cause bit detection errors in the DF
pare of the frame, then we may not be able to work out the correct
length of the message. We have to guess whether the bit should be a 0 or
a 1.
In such circumstances we assume the message length is long(112 bits)
However, if we start to get encoding errors after bit 56 the we attempt
to change our original guess at the bit, and invert it. If this change
of guess would have resulted in a short message, and if the short
message would have been error free then we can recover.
--mlat option introduced: to display raw data in Beast ascii format with
counter (@...;), does not affect Beast binary format ;
--interactive-rtl1090 option introduced: order of flight table Iin
interactive mode) and some formats adopted to RTL1090 format, so
comparison is easier
