Merge pull request #4 from ukuehn/master
Bit error correction code improved
This commit is contained in:
commit
e0bc0ba814
360
dump1090.c
360
dump1090.c
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ struct modesMessage {
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int msgtype; // Downlink format #
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int crcok; // True if CRC was valid
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uint32_t crc; // Message CRC
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int errorbit; // Bit corrected. -1 if no bit corrected
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int correctedbits; // No. of bits corrected
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uint32_t addr; // ICAO Address from bytes 1 2 and 3
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int phase_corrected; // True if phase correction was applied
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uint64_t timestampMsg; // Timestamp of the message
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@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ void modesSendSBSOutput(struct modesMessage *mm);
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void useModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm);
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int fixSingleBitErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits);
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int fixTwoBitsErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits);
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void modesInitErrorInfo();
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int modesMessageLenByType(int type);
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/* ============================= Utility functions ========================== */
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@ -461,6 +462,9 @@ void modesInit(void) {
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Modes.maglut[(i*256)+q] = (uint16_t) ((mag < 65535) ? mag : 65535);
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}
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}
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/* Prepare error correction tables */
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modesInitErrorInfo();
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}
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/* =============================== RTLSDR handling ========================== */
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@ -653,12 +657,7 @@ void dumpRawMessageJS(char *descr, unsigned char *msg,
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int start = offset - padding;
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int end = offset + (MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES)+(MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES) - 1;
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FILE *fp;
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int j, fix1 = -1, fix2 = -1;
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if (fixable != -1) {
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fix1 = fixable & 0xff;
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if (fixable > 255) fix2 = fixable >> 8;
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}
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int j;
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if ((fp = fopen("frames.js","a")) == NULL) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Error opening frames.js: %s\n", strerror(errno));
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@ -670,8 +669,8 @@ void dumpRawMessageJS(char *descr, unsigned char *msg,
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fprintf(fp,"%d", j < 0 ? 0 : m[j]);
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if (j != end) fprintf(fp,",");
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}
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fprintf(fp,"], \"fix1\": %d, \"fix2\": %d, \"bits\": %d, \"hex\": \"",
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fix1, fix2, modesMessageLenByType(msg[0]>>3));
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fprintf(fp,"], \"fixed\": %d, \"bits\": %d, \"hex\": \"",
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fixable, modesMessageLenByType(msg[0]>>3));
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for (j = 0; j < MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES; j++)
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fprintf(fp,"\\x%02x",msg[j]);
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fprintf(fp,"\"});\n");
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@ -695,12 +694,10 @@ void dumpRawMessage(char *descr, unsigned char *msg,
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{
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int j;
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int msgtype = msg[0] >> 3;
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int fixable = -1;
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int fixable = 0;
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if (msgtype == 17) {
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fixable = fixSingleBitErrors(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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if (fixable == -1)
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fixable = fixTwoBitsErrors(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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fixable = fixBitErrors(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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}
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if (Modes.debug & MODES_DEBUG_JS) {
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@ -1063,7 +1060,7 @@ void decodeModeAMessage(struct modesMessage *mm, int ModeA)
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// Not much else we can tell from a Mode A/C reply.
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// Just fudge up a few bits to keep other code happy
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mm->crcok = 1;
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mm->errorbit = -1;
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mm->correctedbits = 0;
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}
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/* ===================== Mode S detection and decoding ===================== */
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@ -1207,6 +1204,307 @@ int fixTwoBitsErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits) {
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return (-1);
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}
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/* Code for introducing a less CPU-intensive method of correcting
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* single bit errors.
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*
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* Makes use of the fact that the crc checksum is linear with respect to
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* the bitwise xor operation, i.e.
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* crc(m^e) = (crc(m)^crc(e)
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* where m and e are the message resp. error bit vectors.
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*
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* Call crc(e) the syndrome.
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*
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* The code below works by precomputing a table of (crc(e), e) for all
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* possible error vectors e (here only single bit and double bit errors),
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* search for the syndrome in the table, and correct the then known error.
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* The error vector e is represented by one or two bit positions that are
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* changed. If a second bit position is not used, it is -1.
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*
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* Run-time is binary search in a sorted table, plus some constant overhead,
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* instead of running through all possible bit positions (resp. pairs of
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* bit positions).
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*
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*
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*
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*/
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struct errorinfo {
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uint32_t syndrome; /* CRC syndrome */
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int pos0; /* bit position of first error */
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int pos1; /* bit position of second error, or -1 */
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};
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#define NERRORINFO \
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(MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS+MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS*(MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS-1)/2)
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struct errorinfo bitErrorTable[NERRORINFO];
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/* Compare function as needed for stdlib's qsort and bsearch functions */
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int cmpErrorInfo(const void *p0, const void *p1) {
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struct errorinfo *e0 = (struct errorinfo*)p0;
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struct errorinfo *e1 = (struct errorinfo*)p1;
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if (e0->syndrome == e1->syndrome) {
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return 0;
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} else if (e0->syndrome < e1->syndrome) {
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return -1;
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} else {
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return 1;
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}
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}
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/* Compute the table of all syndromes for 1-bit and 2-bit error vectors */
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void modesInitErrorInfo() {
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unsigned char msg[MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES];
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int i, j, n;
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uint32_t crc;
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n = 0;
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memset(bitErrorTable, 0, sizeof(bitErrorTable));
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/* First, insert infos about all possible single bit errors */
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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int bytepos = (i >> 3);
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int mask = 1 << (7 - (i & 7));
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memset(msg, 0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES);
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msg[bytepos] ^= mask;
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crc = modesChecksum(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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bitErrorTable[n].syndrome = crc;
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bitErrorTable[n].pos0 = i;
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bitErrorTable[n].pos1 = -1;
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n += 1;
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}
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/* Add also all double bit errors */
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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int bytepos0 = (i >> 3);
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int mask0 = 1 << (7 - (i & 7));
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memset(msg, 0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES);
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msg[bytepos0] ^= mask0;
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for (j = i+1; j < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; j++) {
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int bytepos1 = (j >> 3);
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int mask1 = 1 << (7 - (j & 7));
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msg[bytepos1] ^= mask1;
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crc = modesChecksum(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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if (n >= NERRORINFO) {
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/*
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fprintf(stderr,
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"Internal error, too many "
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"entries, fix NERRORINFO\n");
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*/
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break;
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}
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bitErrorTable[n].syndrome = crc;
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bitErrorTable[n].pos0 = i;
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bitErrorTable[n].pos1 = j;
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n += 1;
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}
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}
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qsort(bitErrorTable, NERRORINFO,
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sizeof(struct errorinfo), cmpErrorInfo);
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/* Test code: report if any syndrome appears at least twice. In this
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* case the correction cannot be done without ambiguity.
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* Tried it, does not happen for 1- and 2-bit errors.
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*/
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/*
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for (i = 1; i < NERRORINFO; i++) {
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if (bitErrorTable[i-1].syndrome
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== bitErrorTable[i].syndrome) {
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fprintf(stderr, "modesInitErrorInfo: "
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"Collision for syndrome %06x\n",
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(int)bitErrorTable[i].syndrome);
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}
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}
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*/
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/*
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for (i = 0; i < NERRORINFO; i++) {
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printf("syndrome %06x bit0 %3d bit1 %3d\n",
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bitErrorTable[i].syndrome,
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bitErrorTable[i].pos0, bitErrorTable[i].pos1);
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}
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*/
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}
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/* Flip a bit, but make sure that the DF field (first 5 bits)
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* is never changed
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*/
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int flipBit(unsigned char *msg, int nbits, int bit) {
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int bytepos, mask;
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if ((bit < 0) || (bit >= nbits)) {
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return 0;
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}
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if (bit < 5) {
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return 0;
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}
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bytepos = (bit >> 3);
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mask = 1 << (7 - (bit & 7));
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msg[bytepos] ^= mask;
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return 1;
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}
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/* Search syndrome in table and, if an entry is found, flip the necessary
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* bits. Make sure the indices fit into the array, and for 2-bit errors,
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* are different.
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* Return number of fixed bits.
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*/
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int fixBitErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits) {
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struct errorinfo *pei;
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struct errorinfo ei;
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int bitpos0, bitpos1, offset, res;
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ei.syndrome = modesChecksum(msg, bits);
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ei.pos0 = -1;
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ei.pos1 = -1;
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pei = bsearch(&ei, bitErrorTable, NERRORINFO,
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sizeof(struct errorinfo), cmpErrorInfo);
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if (pei == NULL) {
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/* Nothing found */
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return 0;
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}
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offset = MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS-bits;
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bitpos0 = pei->pos0;
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bitpos1 = pei->pos1;
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res = 0;
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if (bitpos1 >= 0) { /* two-bit error pattern */
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bitpos0 -= offset;
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bitpos1 -= offset;
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if ((bitpos0 < 0) || (bitpos0 >= bits) ||
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(bitpos1 < 0) || (bitpos1 >= bits)) {
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return res;
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}
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res +=flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos0);
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if (bitpos0 != bitpos1) {
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res += flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos1);
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return res;
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}
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return res;
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} else {
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bitpos0 -= offset;
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if ((bitpos0 < 0) || (bitpos0 >= bits)) {
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return res;
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}
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res += flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos0);
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return res;
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}
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}
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/* Code for testing the timing: run all possible 1- and 2-bit error
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* the test message by all 1-bit errors. Run the old code against
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* all of them, and new the code.
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*
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* Example measurements:
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* Timing old vs. new crc correction code:
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* Old code: 1-bit errors on 112 msgs: 3934 usecs
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* New code: 1-bit errors on 112 msgs: 104 usecs
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* Old code: 2-bit errors on 6216 msgs: 407743 usecs
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* New code: 2-bit errors on 6216 msgs: 5176 usecs
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* indicating a 37-fold resp. 78-fold improvement in speed for 1-bit resp.
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* 2-bit error.
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*/
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unsigned char tmsg0[MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES] = {
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/* Test data: first ADS-B message from testfiles/modes1.bin */
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0x8f, 0x4d, 0x20, 0x23, 0x58, 0x7f, 0x34, 0x5e,
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0x35, 0x83, 0x7e, 0x22, 0x18, 0xb2
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};
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#define NTWOBITS (MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS*(MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS-1)/2)
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unsigned char tmsg1[MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS][MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES];
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unsigned char tmsg2[NTWOBITS][MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES];
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/* Init an array of cloned messages with all possible 1-bit errors present,
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* applied to each message at the respective position
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*/
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void inittmsg1() {
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int i, bytepos, mask;
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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bytepos = i >> 3;
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mask = 1 << (7 - (i & 7));
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memcpy(&tmsg1[i][0], tmsg0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES);
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tmsg1[i][bytepos] ^= mask;
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}
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}
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/* Run sanity check on all but first 5 messages / bits, as those bits
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* are not corrected.
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*/
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void checktmsg1(FILE *out) {
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int i, k;
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uint32_t crc;
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for (i = 5; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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crc = modesChecksum(&tmsg1[i][0], MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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if (crc != 0) {
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fprintf(out, "CRC not fixed for "
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"positon %d\n", i);
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fprintf(out, " MSG ");
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for (k = 0; k < MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES; k++) {
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fprintf(out, "%02x", tmsg1[i][k]);
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}
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fprintf(out, "\n");
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}
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}
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}
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void inittmsg2() {
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int i, j, n, bytepos0, bytepos1, mask0, mask1;
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n = 0;
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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bytepos0 = i >> 3;
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mask0 = 1 << (7 - (i & 7));
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for (j = i+1; j < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; j++) {
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bytepos1 = j >> 3;
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mask1 = 1 << (7 - (j & 7));
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memcpy(&tmsg2[n][0], tmsg0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES);
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tmsg2[n][bytepos0] ^= mask0;
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tmsg2[n][bytepos1] ^= mask1;
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n += 1;
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}
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}
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}
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long difftvusec(struct timeval *t0, struct timeval *t1) {
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long res = 0;
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res = t1->tv_usec-t0->tv_usec;
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res += (t1->tv_sec-t0->tv_sec)*1000000L;
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return res;
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}
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/* the actual test code */
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void testAndTimeBitCorrection() {
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struct timeval starttv, endtv;
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int i;
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/* Run timing on 1-bit errors */
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printf("Timing old vs. new crc correction code:\n");
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inittmsg1();
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gettimeofday(&starttv, NULL);
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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fixSingleBitErrors(&tmsg1[i][0], MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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}
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gettimeofday(&endtv, NULL);
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printf(" Old code: 1-bit errors on %d msgs: %ld usecs\n",
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MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS, difftvusec(&starttv, &endtv));
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checktmsg1(stdout);
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/* Re-init */
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inittmsg1();
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gettimeofday(&starttv, NULL);
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for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) {
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fixBitErrors(&tmsg1[i][0], MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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}
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gettimeofday(&endtv, NULL);
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printf(" New code: 1-bit errors on %d msgs: %ld usecs\n",
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MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS, difftvusec(&starttv, &endtv));
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checktmsg1(stdout);
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/* Run timing on 2-bit errors */
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inittmsg2();
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gettimeofday(&starttv, NULL);
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for (i = 0; i < NTWOBITS; i++) {
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fixSingleBitErrors(&tmsg2[i][0], MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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}
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gettimeofday(&endtv, NULL);
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printf(" Old code: 2-bit errors on %d msgs: %ld usecs\n",
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NTWOBITS, difftvusec(&starttv, &endtv));
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/* Re-init */
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inittmsg2();
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gettimeofday(&starttv, NULL);
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for (i = 0; i < NTWOBITS; i++) {
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fixBitErrors(&tmsg2[i][0], MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS);
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}
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gettimeofday(&endtv, NULL);
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printf(" New code: 2-bit errors on %d msgs: %ld usecs\n",
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NTWOBITS, difftvusec(&starttv, &endtv));
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}
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/* Hash the ICAO address to index our cache of MODES_ICAO_CACHE_LEN
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* elements, that is assumed to be a power of two. */
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uint32_t ICAOCacheHashAddress(uint32_t a) {
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@ -1407,7 +1705,7 @@ void decodeModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm, unsigned char *msg) {
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// Get the message type ASAP as other operations depend on this
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mm->msgtype = msg[0] >> 3; // Downlink Format
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mm->msgbits = modesMessageLenByType(mm->msgtype);
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mm->errorbit = -1; // No errors fixed
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mm->correctedbits = 0; // No errors fixed
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mm->phase_corrected = 0;
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mm->crc = modesChecksum(msg, mm->msgbits);
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@ -1423,10 +1721,10 @@ void decodeModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm, unsigned char *msg) {
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// using the results. Perhaps check the ICAO against known aircraft, and check
|
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// IID against known good IID's. That's a TODO.
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//
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mm->errorbit = fixSingleBitErrors(msg, mm->msgbits);
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if ((mm->errorbit == -1) && (Modes.aggressive)) {
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mm->errorbit = fixTwoBitsErrors(msg, mm->msgbits);
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}
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mm->correctedbits = fixBitErrors(msg, mm->msgbits);
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//if ((mm->errorbit == -1) && (Modes.aggressive)) {
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// mm->errorbit = fixTwoBitsErrors(msg, mm->msgbits);
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//}
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}
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//
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// Note that most of the other computation happens *after* we fix the
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|
@ -1446,7 +1744,7 @@ void decodeModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm, unsigned char *msg) {
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mm->crcok = (mm->crc == 0);
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mm->addr = (msg[1] << 16) | (msg[2] << 8) | (msg[3]);
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if (-1 != mm->errorbit) {
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if (0 != mm->correctedbits) {
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// DF 17 : if (error corrected) force crc = 0 but do not try to add this address
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// to the whitelist of recently seen ICAO addresses.
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mm->crc = 0;
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@ -1692,8 +1990,8 @@ void displayModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm) {
|
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if (mm->msgtype < 32)
|
||||
printf("CRC: %06x (%s)\n", (int)mm->crc, mm->crcok ? "ok" : "wrong");
|
||||
|
||||
if (mm->errorbit != -1)
|
||||
printf("Single bit error fixed, bit %d\n", mm->errorbit);
|
||||
if (mm->correctedbits != 0)
|
||||
printf("No. of bit errors fixed: %d\n", mm->correctedbits);
|
||||
|
||||
if (mm->msgtype == 0) { // DF 0
|
||||
printf("DF 0: Short Air-Air Surveillance.\n");
|
||||
|
@ -2165,16 +2463,17 @@ void detectModeS(uint16_t *m, uint32_t mlen) {
|
|||
if (Modes.stats) {
|
||||
if (mm.crcok || use_correction) {
|
||||
if (errors == 0) Modes.stat_demodulated++;
|
||||
if (mm.errorbit == -1) {
|
||||
if (mm.correctedbits == 0) {
|
||||
if (mm.crcok) {Modes.stat_goodcrc++;}
|
||||
else {Modes.stat_badcrc++;}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
Modes.stat_badcrc++;
|
||||
Modes.stat_fixed++;
|
||||
if (mm.errorbit < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS)
|
||||
{Modes.stat_single_bit_fix++;}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{Modes.stat_two_bits_fix++;}
|
||||
if (mm.correctedbits == 1) {
|
||||
Modes.stat_single_bit_fix++;
|
||||
} else if (mm.correctedbits == 2) {
|
||||
Modes.stat_two_bits_fix++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -2185,10 +2484,10 @@ void detectModeS(uint16_t *m, uint32_t mlen) {
|
|||
dumpRawMessage("Demodulated with 0 errors", msg, m, j);
|
||||
else if (Modes.debug & MODES_DEBUG_BADCRC &&
|
||||
mm.msgtype == 17 &&
|
||||
(!mm.crcok || mm.errorbit != -1))
|
||||
(!mm.crcok || mm.correctedbits != 0))
|
||||
dumpRawMessage("Decoded with bad CRC", msg, m, j);
|
||||
else if (Modes.debug & MODES_DEBUG_GOODCRC && mm.crcok &&
|
||||
mm.errorbit == -1)
|
||||
mm.correctedbits == 0)
|
||||
dumpRawMessage("Decoded with good CRC", msg, m, j);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -3759,6 +4058,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
|
|||
|
||||
// Initialization
|
||||
modesInit();
|
||||
if (Modes.debug & MODES_DEBUG_BADCRC) {
|
||||
testAndTimeBitCorrection();
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (Modes.net_only) {
|
||||
fprintf(stderr,"Net-only mode, no RTL device or file open.\n");
|
||||
} else if (Modes.filename == NULL) {
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in a new issue