From 31b28b3878e2096158a84df5163f656274c398ab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Oliver Jowett Date: Mon, 15 Sep 2014 01:43:14 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] Rearrange phase enhancement so that it handles phase errors in both directions. This almost doubles the number of messages recovered by phase enhancement. --- mode_s.c | 107 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 68 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-) diff --git a/mode_s.c b/mode_s.c index 34ddec1..5c47883 100644 --- a/mode_s.c +++ b/mode_s.c @@ -1456,46 +1456,75 @@ int detectOutOfPhase(uint16_t *pPreamble) { if (pPreamble[-1] > pPreamble[1]/3) return -1; return 0; } + + +uint16_t clamped_scale(uint16_t v, uint16_t scale) { + uint32_t scaled = (uint32_t)v * scale / 16384; + if (scaled > 65535) return 65535; + return (uint16_t) scaled; +} +// This function decides whether we are sampling early or late, +// and by approximately how much, by looking at the energy in +// preamble bits before and after the expected pulse locations. // -//========================================================================= -// -// This function does not really correct the phase of the message, it just -// applies a transformation to the first sample representing a given bit: -// -// If the previous bit was one, we amplify it a bit. -// If the previous bit was zero, we decrease it a bit. -// -// This simple transformation makes the message a bit more likely to be -// correctly decoded for out of phase messages: -// -// When messages are out of phase there is more uncertainty in -// sequences of the same bit multiple times, since 11111 will be -// transmitted as continuously altering magnitude (high, low, high, low...) -// -// However because the message is out of phase some part of the high -// is mixed in the low part, so that it is hard to distinguish if it is -// a zero or a one. -// -// However when the message is out of phase passing from 0 to 1 or from -// 1 to 0 happens in a very recognizable way, for instance in the 0 -> 1 -// transition, magnitude goes low, high, high, low, and one of of the -// two middle samples the high will be *very* high as part of the previous -// or next high signal will be mixed there. -// -// Applying our simple transformation we make more likely if the current -// bit is a zero, to detect another zero. Symmetrically if it is a one -// it will be more likely to detect a one because of the transformation. -// In this way similar levels will be interpreted more likely in the -// correct way. +// It then deals with one sample pair at a time, comparing samples +// to make a decision about the bit value. Based on this decision it +// modifies the sample value of the *adjacent* sample which will +// contain some of the energy from the bit we just inspected. // +// pPayload[0] should be the start of the preamble, +// pPayload[-1 .. MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 1] should be accessible. +// pPayload[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES .. MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 1] will be updated. void applyPhaseCorrection(uint16_t *pPayload) { int j; - for (j = 0; j < MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES; j += 2, pPayload += 2) { - if (pPayload[0] > pPayload[1]) { // One - pPayload[2] = (pPayload[2] * 5) / 4; - } else { // Zero - pPayload[2] = (pPayload[2] * 4) / 5; + // we expect 1 bits at 0, 2, 7, 9 + // and 0 bits at -1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 + // use bits -1,6 for early detection (bit 0/7 arrived a little early, our sample period starts after the bit phase so we include some of the next bit) + // use bits 3,10 for late detection (bit 2/9 arrived a little late, our sample period starts before the bit phase so we include some of the last bit) + + uint32_t onTime = (pPayload[0] + pPayload[2] + pPayload[7] + pPayload[9]); + uint32_t early = (pPayload[-1] + pPayload[6]) << 1; + uint32_t late = (pPayload[3] + pPayload[10]) << 1; + + if (early > late) { + // Our sample period starts late and so includes some of the next bit. + + uint16_t scaleUp = 16384 + 16384 * early / (early + onTime); // 1 + early / (early+onTime) + uint16_t scaleDown = 16384 - 16384 * early / (early + onTime); // 1 - early / (early+onTime) + + // trailing bits are 0; final data sample will be a bit low. + pPayload[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 1] = + clamped_scale(pPayload[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 1], scaleUp); + for (j = MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 2; j > MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES; j -= 2) { + if (pPayload[j] > pPayload[j+1]) { + // x [1 0] y + // x overlapped with the "1" bit and is slightly high + pPayload[j-1] = clamped_scale(pPayload[j-1], scaleDown); + } else { + // x [0 1] y + // x overlapped with the "0" bit and is slightly low + pPayload[j-1] = clamped_scale(pPayload[j-1], scaleUp); + } + } + } else { + // Our sample period starts early and so includes some of the previous bit. + + uint16_t scaleUp = 16384 + 16384 * late / (late + onTime); // 1 + late / (late+onTime) + uint16_t scaleDown = 16384 - 16384 * late / (late + onTime); // 1 - late / (late+onTime) + + // leading bits are 0; first data sample will be a bit low. + pPayload[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES] = clamped_scale(pPayload[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES], scaleUp); + for (j = MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES; j < MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES + MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES - 2; j += 2) { + if (pPayload[j] > pPayload[j+1]) { + // x [1 0] y + // y overlapped with the "0" bit and is slightly low + pPayload[j+2] = clamped_scale(pPayload[j+2], scaleUp); + } else { + // x [0 1] y + // y overlapped with the "1" bit and is slightly high + pPayload[j+2] = clamped_scale(pPayload[j+2], scaleDown); + } } } } @@ -1509,7 +1538,7 @@ void applyPhaseCorrection(uint16_t *pPayload) { void detectModeS(uint16_t *m, uint32_t mlen) { struct modesMessage mm; unsigned char msg[MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES], *pMsg; - uint16_t aux[MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES]; + uint16_t aux[MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES+MODES_LONG_MSG_SAMPLES+1]; uint32_t j; int use_correction = 0; @@ -1631,10 +1660,10 @@ void detectModeS(uint16_t *m, uint32_t mlen) { // If the previous attempt with this message failed, retry using // magnitude correction // Make a copy of the Payload, and phase correct the copy - memcpy(aux, pPayload, sizeof(aux)); - applyPhaseCorrection(aux); + memcpy(aux, &pPreamble[-1], sizeof(aux)); + applyPhaseCorrection(&aux[1]); Modes.stat_out_of_phase++; - pPayload = aux; + pPayload = &aux[1 + MODES_PREAMBLE_SAMPLES]; // TODO ... apply other kind of corrections }