From 0a4fc6e98f23feecadd24cfac4a09a58ee0a7e2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ulrich Kuehn Date: Sun, 12 May 2013 17:33:44 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] Added code for table based correction of bit errors. Code is not called yet except initialisation. --- dump1090.c | 183 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 183 insertions(+) diff --git a/dump1090.c b/dump1090.c index 80226fd..b3ff2a7 100644 --- a/dump1090.c +++ b/dump1090.c @@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ void modesSendSBSOutput(struct modesMessage *mm); void useModesMessage(struct modesMessage *mm); int fixSingleBitErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits); int fixTwoBitsErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits); +void modesInitErrorInfo(); int modesMessageLenByType(int type); /* ============================= Utility functions ========================== */ @@ -461,6 +462,9 @@ void modesInit(void) { Modes.maglut[(i*256)+q] = (uint16_t) ((mag < 65535) ? mag : 65535); } } + + /* Prepare error correction tables */ + modesInitErrorInfo(); } /* =============================== RTLSDR handling ========================== */ @@ -1207,6 +1211,185 @@ int fixTwoBitsErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits) { return (-1); } +/* Code for introducing a less CPU-intensive method of correcting + * single bit errors. + * + * Makes use of the fact that the crc checksum is linear with respect to + * the bitwise xor operation, i.e. + * crc(m^e) = (crc(m)^crc(e) + * where m and e are the message resp. error bit vectors. + * + * Call crc(e) the syndrome. + * + * The code below works by precomputing a table of (crc(e), e) for all + * possible error vectors e (here only single bit and double bit errors), + * search for the syndrome in the table, and correct the then known error. + * The error vector e is represented by one or two bit positions that are + * changed. If a second bit position is not used, it is -1. + * + * Run-time is binary search in a sorted table, plus some constant overhead, + * instead of running through all possible bit positions (resp. pairs of + * bit positions). + * + * + * + */ +struct errorinfo { + uint32_t syndrome; /* CRC syndrome */ + int pos0; /* bit position of first error */ + int pos1; /* bit position of second error, or -1 */ +}; + +#define NERRORINFO \ + (MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS+MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS*(MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS-1)/2) +struct errorinfo bitErrorTable[NERRORINFO]; + +/* Compare function as needed for stdlib's qsort and bsearch functions */ +int cmpErrorInfo(const void *p0, const void *p1) { + struct errorinfo *e0 = (struct errorinfo*)p0; + struct errorinfo *e1 = (struct errorinfo*)p1; + if (e0->syndrome == e1->syndrome) { + return 0; + } else if (e0->syndrome < e1->syndrome) { + return -1; + } else { + return 1; + } +} + +/* Compute the table of all syndromes for 1-bit and 2-bit error vectors */ +void modesInitErrorInfo() { + unsigned char msg[MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES]; + int i, j, n; + uint32_t crc; + n = 0; + memset(bitErrorTable, 0, sizeof(bitErrorTable)); + /* First, insert infos about all possible single bit errors */ + for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) { + int bytepos = (i >> 3); + int mask = 1 << (7 - (i & 7)); + memset(msg, 0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES); + msg[bytepos] ^= mask; + crc = modesChecksum(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS); + bitErrorTable[n].syndrome = crc; + bitErrorTable[n].pos0 = i; + bitErrorTable[n].pos1 = -1; + n += 1; + } + /* Add also all double bit errors */ + for (i = 0; i < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; i++) { + int bytepos0 = (i >> 3); + int mask0 = 1 << (7 - (i & 7)); + memset(msg, 0, MODES_LONG_MSG_BYTES); + msg[bytepos0] ^= mask0; + for (j = i+1; j < MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS; j++) { + int bytepos1 = (j >> 3); + int mask1 = 1 << (7 - (j & 7)); + msg[bytepos1] ^= mask1; + crc = modesChecksum(msg, MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS); + if (n >= NERRORINFO) { + /* + fprintf(stderr, + "Internal error, too many " + "entries, fix NERRORINFO\n"); + */ + break; + } + bitErrorTable[n].syndrome = crc; + bitErrorTable[n].pos0 = i; + bitErrorTable[n].pos1 = j; + n += 1; + } + } + qsort(bitErrorTable, NERRORINFO, + sizeof(struct errorinfo), cmpErrorInfo); + /* Test code: report if any syndrome appears at least twice. In this + * case the correction cannot be done without ambiguity. + * Tried it, does not happen for 1- and 2-bit errors. + */ + /* + for (i = 1; i < NERRORINFO; i++) { + if (bitErrorTable[i-1].syndrome + == bitErrorTable[i].syndrome) { + fprintf(stderr, "modesInitErrorInfo: " + "Collision for syndrome %06x\n", + (int)bitErrorTable[i].syndrome); + } + } + */ + /* + for (i = 0; i < NERRORINFO; i++) { + printf("syndrome %06x bit0 %3d bit1 %3d\n", + bitErrorTable[i].syndrome, + bitErrorTable[i].pos0, bitErrorTable[i].pos1); + } + */ +} + +/* Flip a bit, but make sure that the DF field (first 5 bits) + * is never changed + */ +int flipBit(unsigned char *msg, int nbits, int bit) { + int bytepos, mask; + if ((bit < 0) || (bit >= nbits)) { + return 0; + } + if (bit < 5) { + return 0; + } + bytepos = (bit >> 3); + mask = 1 << (7 - (bit & 7)); + msg[bytepos] ^= mask; + return 1; +} + +/* Search syndrome in table and, if an entry is found, flip the necessary + * bits. Make sure the indices fit into the array, and for 2-bit errors, + * are different. + * Return number of fixed bits. + */ +int fixBitErrors(unsigned char *msg, int bits) { + struct errorinfo *pei; + struct errorinfo ei; + int bitpos0, bitpos1, offset, res; + ei.syndrome = modesChecksum(msg, bits); + ei.pos0 = -1; + ei.pos1 = -1; + pei = bsearch(&ei, bitErrorTable, NERRORINFO, + sizeof(struct errorinfo), cmpErrorInfo); + if (pei == NULL) { + /* Nothing found */ + return 0; + } + offset = MODES_LONG_MSG_BITS-bits; + bitpos0 = pei->pos0; + bitpos1 = pei->pos1; + res = 0; + if (bitpos1 >= 0) { /* two-bit error pattern */ + bitpos0 -= offset; + bitpos1 -= offset; + if ((bitpos0 < 0) || (bitpos0 >= bits) || + (bitpos1 < 0) || (bitpos1 >= bits)) { + return res; + } + res +=flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos0); + if (bitpos0 != bitpos1) { + res += flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos1); + return res; + } + return res; + } else { + bitpos0 -= offset; + if ((bitpos0 < 0) || (bitpos0 >= bits)) { + return res; + } + res += flipBit(msg, bits, bitpos0); + return res; + } +} + + + /* Hash the ICAO address to index our cache of MODES_ICAO_CACHE_LEN * elements, that is assumed to be a power of two. */ uint32_t ICAOCacheHashAddress(uint32_t a) {